1963


Charade

Charade is a 1963 film produced and directed by Stanley Donen, the director of Singin’ in the Rain and Seven Brides for Seven Brothers. Donen, also a choreographer, was referred to by David Quinlan as the “King of the Hollywood musical.” Charade represents a significant departure from the normative style of Donen, making it a most interesting film. The film is also notable for its screenplay, which plays up the witty banter between the characters and provides plenty of quirky moments and gags between the suspenseful moments in this thriller. Charade is a romance/comedy/thriller with music by Henry Mancini and an animated title sequence by Maurice Binder.

Filmed on location in Paris, Charade was said to be an excuse by the studio to unite its stars, Cary Grant and Audrey Hepburn. Hepburn and Grant had previously been tapped to play opposite each other in Roman Holiday, but Grant turned it down because he felt he was too old to play her love interest. In Charade, Grant agreed to play the role if, and only if, Hepburn would be the aggressor in the relationship and would pursue Grant’s character, likely to avoid any notion that Grant was playing a “creepy old man” archetype. Mission accomplished, then.

Hepburn, ever beautiful, stars as Reggie Lampbert. We meet Reggie when she is about to divorce her husband. Upon return home from a vacation, she learns that her husband has been murdered and a whole lot of money is missing. Reggie meets with a secret agent (Walter Matthau) who informs her that the money was an amount of cash that her husband stole from a World War 2 payroll. Her husband’s partners in crime will now be seeking the money to get their share and, by default, everyone assumes that Reggie knows where the money is. She doesn’t and so it’s up to Cary Grant, who plays a charming stranger with many different names throughout the film, to help the poor girl escape these thugs. The plot unfolds with tons of twists, turns, double crosses, name changes, and all sorts of other happenings.

The beauty of Charade is in its eccentric energy and in its ability to shuffle the deck. It almost gets ridiculous at moments, as one never knows which side a particular character is on or whether a particular character actually knows where the money is. The film works because it is absorbing and involving through every frame, as we truly feel for Reggie’s plight and, like Grant’s character, attempt to help her out. The motivations and realities of characters are explored, dismissed, and explored again by Donen’s steady hand in the director’s chair as we unlock the mystery of this thriller that is so often compared to Alfred Hitchcock’s work.

Cary Grant and Audrey Hepburn were nominated for Golden Globes for Best Actor and Best Actress in a Musical/Comedy. Hepburn picked up the BAFTA award for Best Actress and the film’s screenplay won a 1964 Edgar Award from the Mystery Writers of America. Charade is often considered a film to rival some of Hitchcock’s finer masterpieces, but I don’t quite see it that way. While it is charming in its own way, the film often enters into ridiculous territory as it seems that the characters are double-crossing merely for the sake of it. The plot meanders at moments, often leading viewers on chase sequences that simply feel tacked on, even by today’s disproportionate standards. Some moments are grand suspense, no doubt about it, but the film lacked certain cohesiveness in my view.

The beauty of Charade lies in its script and in the charm of its stars. The film is often very comical and always very sharp, allowing many of the sillier suspense moments to get a pass on pure charm. It works because of Peter Stone’s blended screenplay, in which he tries to tap into just about every single glitzy genre Hollywood ever made in order to mish-mash the film together. This style is risky and may alienate some viewers, but for the most part it works very well thanks to the professionalism of the film’s stars. Without Grant and Hepburn at the helm and without Donen’s able direction, the screenplay may have faltered heavily down into camp territory. But the performers here are so richly self-aware and so amiable that Charade not only stands a chance at the stuff, but it rather excels at the material.

For the most part, Charade is a film that functions very well on its own steam. It is clever, romantic, and rousing in many areas. Despite several ideas that feel tacked on and forced, Donen’s film works as a quirky little thriller. Hepburn is always articulate and enchanting and Cary Grant, once again, is Cary Grant. For a comic thriller with plenty of surprises (often too many surprises), you won’t find many more gratifying than Stanley Donen’s Charade.

8/10

8-and-a-half.jpg

8 ½ is a piece of art, glowing and moving on screen as though a painting or sculpture in one of the finest museums in the world. This film is one of intense thought, reflection, and immense involvement. Often considered one of the greatest films of all time, 8 ½ is a film experience like few other. It is enthralling, striking, catastrophic, heart-rending, humorous, and forceful all at once. Ranked by film directors in a poll conducted by the British Film Institute, 8 ½ was listed as the third best film of all time behind Citizen Kane and The Godfather Pt. 1 and 2 and just ahead of my favourite film, Lawrence of Arabia.

8 ½ was directed and written by Italian director Federico Fellini. The film is said to be highly autobiographical, as Fellini himself, like the film’s protagonist, was suffering from “director’s block.” The film’s title comes from the total number of films that Fellini himself had directed, with six feature length films, two short segments, and one collaboration with director Alberto Lattuada. The originally planned title for 8 ½ was to be The Beautiful Confusion. In an interesting twist, life imitated art four years after the completion of 8 ½. Fellini was working with his producer, Dino De Laurentiis, on a large scale film in which De Laurentiis had invested a large amount of money on sets. Eventually, however, Fellini informed his producer that he would not finish the film and, like in 8 ½, his producer was furious.

It is said that during filming of 8 ½, Fellini had sketched himself a note and attached it to the camera just below the viewfinder. The note said: “Remember, this is a comedy.” This “comedy” of sorts is about the creative process, both technical and personal. In terms of humanity’s internal creativity, 8 ½ is probably the best film that exemplifies the confusion and the humour of such a process. 8 ½ is also about the intense public scrutiny faced by artists as they prepare to unveil their creation to the world. It is also about finding happiness in a fragmented, fractured life. The protagonists ideals for life and the battle they fight for survival against the realities of his life are all represented. Finally, Fellini’s piece of art is also about the effects of modernization. Modernization was most assuredly a common theme in the films from this period of Italian cinema.

8 ½ stars the wonderful Marcello Mastroianni. Mastroianni is largely considered one of the greatest Italian actor of all time, having appeared in over 140 films. Mastroianni plays Guido Anselmi, a film director experiencing a heavy dose of director’s block on his latest project. The project is largely shrouded in mystery throughout the film, but it appears to be a large budget science fiction film with elements of Noah’s Ark in it. Guido has lost all interest in his project and, as the result of the swirling complications of his complex life around him, eventually begins to experience what can only be defined as a bewildering realism. His past, his dreams, and his fantasies all become interwoven in the fabric of his reality, as Guido attempts to piece together his creative life alongside his relationships.

Fellini’s 8 ½ also stars Claudia Cardinale as Claudia, Guido’s fling on the side. Cardinale is a tremendous Italian actress. She has appeared in several films, including Sergio Leone’s Once Upon a Time in the West. Anouk Aimee, the French actress, stars as Luisa Anselmi, Guido’s long-struggling wife. Aimee plays Luisa beautifully, struggling with the pain of such a man in Guido and struggling to define herself in a world in which she does not belong. Aimee’s talents are incredible and are very much on display here. The Golden Globe winner and the Cannes Best Actress winner is truly a treat to experience. The other supporting performances are tremendous, too, including Sandra Milo as Carla and Barbara Steele as Gloria Morin. Fellini’s usage of women in the film is enticing and compelling, as they are all beautiful in various ways and represent the different phases of Guido’s existence with grace and clarity.

It is Mastroianni, however, that steals the show. His performance here is flawless, as he deals with the crumbling obstacles and crushing defeats of his life with a cock-eyed optimism. His Guido engrosses himself in his own reality when the “real world” becomes too much to bear, allowing him respite from the demands of his life and allowing him to bathe in the fantasy realm that he so desperately tries to create on screen in his films. Mastroianni’s Guido is, here, one of the most compelling film characters in a wide variety of ways. He is pushed and pulled in so many directions in 8 ½ that even the least creative of us can find a way to relate to his struggle. Yet, at the same time, he is a terrible man who makes terrible choices. This dichotomy is so richly textured within Mastroianni’s performance that it is a thing of pure beauty to experience.

8 ½ can be divided into several sections. It is the type of film that can be, rather crudely, drawn and quartered into pieces for further inspection. It can be enjoyed as a whole, in one setting, and enjoyed as parts of a whole in another setting altogether. It is Fellini’s masterpiece, the film for which the gifted Italian director is most well known, and it is one of the most graceful and gorgeous films of all time. It is also tremendously funny and touching. Fellini’s 8 ½ is a film that requires care, attention, and effort to experience. It is one of the greatest films of all time and is the most elegant film about the creative process to ever be produced.

10/10

Trailer:

The Birds

Alfred Hitchcock’s The Birds is a horror film classic. Loosely based on the short story of the same name by Daphne du Maurier, The Birds was known for innovating the “revenge of nature” type scenarios in film and used special effects and a unique soundtrack to provide atmospheric terror for its audiences. The Birds differed from many films of its era in that it didn’t have a conventional soundtrack, nor did it feature a clear-cut ending. Instead, the film is guided largely by sounds and dialogue and features an ending which provides more questions than answers.

The Birds follows the story of a 1963 version of Paris Hilton, as socialite Melanie Daniels (Tippi Hendren) meets Mitch Brenner (Rod Taylor). She begins to slowly and reluctantly fall for Brenner and winds up heading to his home in the quiet coastal town of Bodega Bay, where Brenner spends his weekends with his mother and incredibly younger sister. As Melanie arrives in Bodega Bay, strange incidents begin to snowball involving the birds of the sleepy town and, eventually, all sorts of feathered hell breaks loose.

The Birds works because it is an absurdist horror tale from Hitchcock. It isn’t particularly frightening, with a few exceptions in which the silly looking birds actually did get to me, but more or less bases its notions of terror on the ideas presented and not merely the execution of the ideas. Certainly the sight of all of the birds represented some legitimate fright in 1963 for audiences, but I feel the film ages tremendously well given the overall sense of claustrophobia and inherent terror presented through the idea of the film itself. Even now as I hear a crow cawing outside, I feel a slight chill.

What makes The Birds more special in terms of filmmaking is some of the backstory to the film. Putting Hitchcock’s film in the light of context certainly makes the achievement seem even more remarkable, especially given the sacrifices that some of the performers made for the film. Hendren, for example, was told that she would be working with mechanical birds for the brutal and chilling attic scene. As it turned out, live birds were thrown at her by prop people for the shoot of the scene, which lasted for over a week. By the conclusion of the shoot, Hendren was nearly gouged in the eye by a bird and became hysterical. When Cary Grant visited the set one day, he praised Hendren as being “one very brave lady.” Watching the scene again given this knowledge adds new depth to her remarkable performance. Hendren’s daughter, actress Melanie Griffith, was given a doll by Hitchcock that apparently looked exactly like Hendren. Eerie, huh?

The soundtrack is another element of The Birds that adds to the overall creep factor. Instead of using a typical film soundtrack to drive the action, Hitchcock had Oskar Sala, an early German pioneer of electronic music, create birds sounds on his trautonium (a monophonic electronic musical instrument) and use them to construct the soundtrack. No natural bird sounds were used in the film. Also, there is a very high-pitched soundtrack of electronic noise utilized throughout the film that adds to the general feeling of building tension. Much of the noise is actually inaudible for the most part, merely providing a background to the rising sense of disquiet coming from the film’s events.

The Birds works because it relies on buildup to terror more than terror itself. When the birds attack, they attack characters we know and we relate to in some fashion. They attack unrelentingly, too, attacking children and all sorts of people from various walks of life. This legitimate terror is ingrained in the very soul of horror films, as the notion that the action can occur to any “regular person” is the glue that holds the better films of the genre together. With The Birds, Hitchcock has crafted that sort of terror. To temper it with a greater and broader sense of filmmaking, Hitchcock also utilizes various broad strokes of humour and irony to guide the story. This completes the tale with a marvelous edge and closes a wonderful experience. The Birds is coming!

9/10

Trailer: (this trailer is just priceless, watch it!)